%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Attili, Joseph B.
%A Savic, Michael
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1988
%T A TMS32020-Based Real Time, Text-Independent, Automatic Speaker Verification System
%B International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
%I IEEE
%C New York
%P 599 Ð 602


%0 Journal Article
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1977
%T An Integral Relation
%B The Mathematics Association of Two Year Colleges Journal
%V 11
%N 1
%P 63 Ð 64
%O Joseph P. Campbell Jr., et al.

%0 Report
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Smith, Gerald W.
%D 1981
%T STU-II Modem Trans-Atlantic Test
%I US DoD
%8 May
%9 Technical Report
%@ R163


%0 Report
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1983
%T Semicustom Digital IC Design: Gate Array vs Standard Cell
%I US DoD
%8 11 October
%9 Technical Report
%@ R16-83-02


%0 Magazine Article
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1985
%T In Search of a New World CD
%B High End Audiophile Press & Music Review
%V 1
%N 2
%P H6
%8 July/August


%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1986
%T Voiced/Unvoiced Classification of Speech With Applications to the U.S. Government LPC-10e Algorithm
%B International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
%I IEEE
%C Tokyo
%V 1
%6 4
%P 473 Ð 476
%O 7 Ð 11 April

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1989
%T The New 4800 bps Voice Coding Standard
%B Military and Government Speech Tech
%I Media Dimensions
%C Washington, D.C.
%P 64 Ð 70
%O 14 November

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1989
%T An Expandable Error-Protected 4800 bps CELP Coder (U.S. Federal Standard 4800 bps Voice Coder)
%B International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
%I IEEE
%C Glasgow
%V 2
%6 4
%P 735 Ð 738
%O 23 Ð 26 May

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1989
%T An Expandable Error-Protected 4800 bps CELP Coder (U.S. Federal Standard 4800 bps Voice Coder)
%B Speech Tech
%I Media Dimensions
%C New York
%P 338 Ð 341
%O 2 Ð 4 May

%0 Magazine Article
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1990
%T The Proposed Federal Standard 1016 4800 bps Voice Coder: CELP
%B Speech Technology Magazine
%V April/May
%P 58 Ð 64


%0 Book Section
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1990
%T An Expandable Error-Protected 4800 bps CELP Coder (U.S. Federal Standard 4800 bps Voice Coder)
%B Vector Quantization
%E Huseyin Abut
%I IEEE Press
%C New York
%P 328 Ð 331


%0 Journal Article
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1991
%T The Federal Standard 1016 4800 bps CELP Voice Coder
%B Digital Signal Processing
%V 1
%N 3
%P 145 Ð 155
%O Academic Press

%0 Book Section
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1991
%T The DoD 4.8 kbps Standard (Proposed Federal Standard 1016)
%B Advances in Speech Coding
%E Bishnu S. Atal, Vladimir Cuperman and Allen Gersho
%I Kluwer Academic Publishers
%C Boston
%P 121 Ð 133
%Y Robert Gallager
%S Robert Gallager
%O Vol #114, Chapter 12

%0 Report
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1991
%T Telecommunications: Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Radio Voice by 4,800 bit/second Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)
%I National Communications System, Office of Technology & Standards
%8 February 14
%9 Federal Standard
%@ 1016
%O Bob Fenichel with technical development activity by Tremain, Campbell & Welch

%0 Thesis
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1991
%T False Acceptance Errors in Speaker Authentication Systems
%I Oklahoma State University
%9 Ph.D. Qualifying Examination Report
%O 6/19/91

%0 Thesis
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1992
%T Features and Measures for Speaker Recognition
%I Oklahoma State University
%9 Ph.D. Dissertation
%X Name: Joseph Paul Campbell, Jr.		Date of Degree: December, 1992
Advisor: Rao Yarlagadda
Institution: Oklahoma State University
Location: Stillwater, Oklahoma
Title of Study: Features and Measures for Speaker Recognition
 
Pages in Study: 133			Candidate for the Degree of
					Doctor of Philosophy
Major Field: Electrical Engineering

Scope and Method of Study: This work derives and demonstrates new and
powerful features and measures for automatic speaker recognition and
compares them with traditional ones. Automatic speaker recognition is
the use of a machine to recognize a person from a spoken phrase.
Speaker recognition systems can identify a particular person or verify
a person's claimed identity. The scope of this study is limited to
speech collected from cooperative users in office environments and
without adverse microphone or channel impairments. The success of these
systems depends directly upon the power of the features and measures
used to discriminate among people.  The focus of this research is to
discover powerful features and measures for speaker verification. After
a thorough literature review, concepts were synthesized from such
diverse fields as signal processing, information theory, pattern
recognition, physiology, and speech production and perception. The most
promising innovations were then compared analytically and by computer
simulation.

Findings and Conclusions: New perceptually based features were found
which, unfortunately, did not outperform traditional speech production
features with respect to speaker identification errors. Powerful new
production features and measures for speaker verification were
discovered. The main contribution is a new information theoretic shape
measure between line spectrum pair (LSP) frequency features. This new
measure, the "divergence shape", can be interpreted geometrically as the
shape of an information theoretic measure called divergence. The LSPs
were found to be very effective features in this divergence shape
measure. The experimental results show this combination yields 0.05%
speaker identification error, which is superior by over an order of
magnitude to the performance of any other claim reported in the
literature.


%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Dean, Richard A.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Cohn, Ronald P.
%A Collura, John S.
%D 1987
%T An Overview of DoD Voice Coding Developments
%B Speech Tech
%I Media Dimensions
%C New York
%P 210 Ð 214
%O 28-30 April

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Rahikka, Douglas J.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1990
%T CELP Coding for Land Mobile Radio Applications
%B International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
%I IEEE
%C Albuquerque
%V 1
%6 5
%P 465 Ð 468
%O 3 Ð 6 April

%0 Report
%A Supplee, Lynn M.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1987
%T Alliant FX/8 Computer Evaluation Report
%I US DoD
%8 15 December
%9 Technical Report
%@ R55-366-87


%0 Report
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1988
%T 4.8 kbps Code Excited Linear Predictive Coder
%I US DoD
%8 30 September
%9 R5 Tech Briefs
%O p. 1 Ð 9

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%D 1988
%T A 4.8 kbps Code Excited Linear Predictive Coder
%B Mobile Satellite Conference
%I NASA, JPL
%C Pasadena
%P 491 Ð 496
%O 3 Ð 5 May

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Goble, James R.
%A Kohler, Mary A.
%D 1989
%T DoD 4.8 kbps Standard (Proposed Federal Standard 1016 Voice Coder)
%B Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications
%I IEEE
%C Vancouver
%P 4
%O 6 September (Abstracts)

%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%D 1989
%T A Comparison of U.S. Government Standard Voice Coders
%B Military Communications Conference
%I IEEE
%C Boston
%P 269 Ð 273
%O (MILCOM), 15-18 October

%0 Report
%A Welch, Vanoy C.
%A Campbell, Joseph P., Jr.
%A Tremain, Thomas E.
%D 1992
%T Details to Assist in Implementation of Federal Standard 1016 CELP
%I National Communications System, Office of Technology & Standards
%8 January
%9 Technical Information Bulletin
%@ 92-1